2 Samuel 12 (Shmuel Bet) in Hebrew, Transliteration and English
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Text (469) 608-99442 Samuel, Chapter 12
Hashem sends Natan with a parable of a rich man who took a poor man’s one lamb. David condemns the man, and Natan answers, “You are the man.” David confesses, Hashem forgives him, but the child dies; Shlomo is born and named Yedidyah; and David takes Rabbah and the crown of Ammon.
12:1And Hashem sent Natan (Nathan) unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, “There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.
Vayishlaḥ Adonai et-Natan el-David vayavo elav vayomer lo shenei anashim hayu be'ir eḥat eḥad ashir ve'eḥad rash.
אוַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־נָתָ֖ן אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֚אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָיוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת אֶחָ֥ד עָשִׁ֖יר וְאֶחָ֥ד רָֽאשׁ׃
12:2The rich man had exceedingly many flocks and herds;
Le'ashir hayah tzon uvakar harbeh me'od.
בלְעָשִׁ֗יר הָיָ֛ה צֹ֥אן וּבָקָ֖ר הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃
12:3but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it ate of his own food, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.
Velarash ein-kol ki im-kivsah aḥat ketanah asher kanah vayeḥayeha vatigdal imo ve'im-banav yaḥdav mipito toḥal umikoso tishteh uveḥeiko tishkav vatehi-lo kevat.
גוְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין־כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם־כִּבְשָֹ֨ה אַחַ֚ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם־בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֚וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת׃
12:4And there came a traveler unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to prepare for the wayfaring man who had come unto him; but took the poor man’s lamb, and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”
Vayavo heleḥ le'ish he'ashir vayaḥmol lakaḥat mitzono umibekaro la'asot la'oreaḥ haba-lo vayikaḥ et-kivsat ha'ish harash vaya'aseha la'ish haba elav.
דוַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֘ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֚חַת מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ לַעֲשֹ֕וֹת לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא־ל֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶֹ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו׃
12:5And David’s anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Natan, “As Hashem lives, the man who has done this thing shall surely die;
Vayiḥar-af David ba'ish me'od vayomer el-Natan ḥay-Adonai ki ven-mavet ha'ish ha'oseh zot.
הוַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף דָּוִ֛ד בָּאִ֖ישׁ מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־נָתָ֔ן חַי־יְהֹוָ֕ה כִּ֣י בֶן־מָ֔וֶת הָאִ֖ישׁ הָעֹשֶֹ֥ה זֹֽאת׃
12:6and he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.”
Ve'et-hakivsah yeshalem arba'tayim ekev asher asah et-hadavar hazeh ve'al asher lo-ḥamal.
ווְאֶת־הַכִּבְשָֹ֖ה יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִם עֵ֗קֶב אֲשֶׁ֚ר עָשָׂה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְעַ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־חָמָֽל׃
12:7And Natan said to David, “You are the man. Thus says Hashem God of Israel, ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Shaul (Saul);
Vayomer Natan el-David atah ha'ish koh-amar Adonai elohei Yisra'el anoḥi meshaḥtiḥa lemeleḥ al-Yisra'el ve'anoḥi hitzaltiḥa miyad Sha'ul.
זוַיֹּ֧אמֶר נָתָ֛ן אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד אַתָּ֣ה הָאִ֑ישׁ כֹּה־אָמַ֨ר יְהֹוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָנֹכִ֞י מְשַׁחְתִּ֚יךָֽ לְמֶ֙לֶךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָנֹכִ֥י הִצַּלְתִּ֖יךָ מִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃
12:8and I gave you your master’s house, and your master’s wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Yehudah (Judah); and if that had been too little, I would moreover have given unto you such and such things.
Va'etenah leḥa et-beit adoneḥa ve'et-neshei adoneḥa beḥeikeḥa va'etenah leḥa et-beit Yisra'el viYhudah ve'im-me'at ve'osifah leḥa kahenah veḥahenah.
חוָאֶתְּנָ֨ה לְךָ֜ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית אֲדֹנֶ֗יךָ וְאֶת־נְשֵׁ֚י אֲדֹנֶ֙יךָ֙ בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לְךָ֔ אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וְאִ֨ם־מְעָ֔ט וְאֹסִ֥פָה לְּךָ֖ כָּהֵ֥נָּה וְכָהֵֽנָּה׃
12:9Why have you despised the commandment of Hashem, to do evil in His sight? You have killed Uriyah (Uriah) the Chitti (Hittite) with the sword, and have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.
Madua bazita et-devar Adonai la'asot hara be'einay et Uriyah haḤiti hikita baḥerev ve'et-ishto lakaḥta leḥa le'ishah ve'oto haragta beḥerev benei Amon.
טמַדּ֜וּעַ בָּזִ֣יתָ ׀ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֗ה לַעֲשֹ֣וֹת הָרַע֘ בְּעֵינַי֒ (כתיב בְּעֵינַו֒) אֵ֣ת אוּרִיָּ֚ה הַֽחִתִּי֙ הִכִּ֣יתָ בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאֶ֨ת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ לָקַ֥חְתָּ לְּךָ֖ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְאֹת֣וֹ הָרַ֔גְתָּ בְּחֶ֖רֶב בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃
12:10Now therefore the sword shall never depart from your house; because you have despised Me, and have taken the wife of Uriyah the Chitti to be your wife.’
Ve'atah lo-tasur ḥerev mibeiteḥa ad-olam ekev ki vezitani vatikaḥ et-eshet Uriyah haḤiti lihyot leḥa le'ishah.
יוְעַתָּ֗ה לֹא־תָס֥וּר חֶ֛רֶב מִבֵּיתְךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם עֵ֚קֶב כִּ֣י בְזִתָ֔נִי וַתִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־אֵ֙שֶׁת֙ אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַחִתִּ֔י לִהְי֥וֹת לְךָ֖ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
12:11Thus says Hashem, ‘Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house, and I will take your wives before your eyes, and give them unto your neighbor, and he shall lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.
Koh amar Adonai hineni mekim aleḥa ra'ah mibeiteḥa velakaḥti et-nasheḥa le'eineḥa venatati lere'eḥa veshaḥav im-nasheḥa le'einei hashemesh hazot.
יאכֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֗ה הִנְנִי֩ מֵקִ֨ים עָלֶ֚יךָ רָעָה֙ מִבֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְלָקַחְתִּ֚י אֶת־נָשֶׁ֙יךָ֙ לְעֵינֶ֔יךָ וְנָתַתִּ֖י לְרֵעֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁכַב֙ עִם־נָשֶׁ֔יךָ לְעֵינֵ֖י הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ הַזֹּֽאת׃
12:12For you did it secretly; but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.’”
Ki atah asita vasater va'ani e'eseh et-hadavar hazeh neged kol-Yisra'el veneged hashamesh.
יבכִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִֹ֣יתָ בַסָּ֑תֶר וַאֲנִ֗י אֶעֱשֶׂה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה נֶ֥גֶד כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנֶ֥גֶד הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃
12:13And David said unto Natan, “I have sinned against Hashem.” And Natan said unto David, “Hashem also has put away your sin; you shall not die.
Vayomer David el-Natan ḥatati la-Adonai vayomer Natan el-David gam-Adonai he'evir ḥatateḥa lo tamut.
יגוַיֹּ֚אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־נָתָ֔ן חָטָ֖אתִי לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר נָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד גַּם־יְהֹוָ֛ה הֶעֱבִ֥יר חַטָּאתְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָמֽוּת׃
12:14However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to the enemies of Hashem to blaspheme, the child also who is born unto you shall surely die.”
Efes ki-ni'etz ni'atzta et-oyevei Adonai badavar hazeh gam haben hayilod leḥa mot yamut.
ידאֶ֗פֶס כִּֽי־נִאֵ֚ץ נִאַ֙צְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֹיְבֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה בַּדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה גַּ֗ם הַבֵּ֛ן הַיִּלּ֥וֹד לְךָ֖ מ֥וֹת יָמֽוּת׃
12:15And Natan departed unto his house. And Hashem struck the child that Uriyah’s wife bore unto David, and it was very sick.
Vayeleḥ Natan el-beito vayigof Adonai et-hayeled asher yaledah eshet-Uriyah leDavid vaye'anash.
טווַיֵּ֥לֶךְ נָתָ֖ן אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיִּגֹּ֣ף יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶת־הַיֶּ֜לֶד אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָלְדָ֧ה אֵֽשֶׁת־אוּרִיָּ֛ה לְדָוִ֖ד וַיֵּאָנַֽשׁ׃
12:16David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth.
Vayevakesh David et-ha'Elohim be'ad hana'ar vayatzam David tzom uva velan veshaḥav aretzah.
טזוַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּעַ֣ד הַנָּ֑עַר וַיָּ֚צָם דָּוִד֙ צ֔וֹם וּבָ֥א וְלָ֖ן וְשָׁכַ֥ב אָֽרְצָה׃
12:17And the elders of his house arose, and went to him, to raise him up from the earth; but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.
Vayakumu ziknei veito alav lahakimo min-ha'aretz velo avah velo-varah itam laḥem.
יזוַיָּקֻ֜מוּ זִקְנֵ֚י בֵיתוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַהֲקִימ֖וֹ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־בָרָ֥ה אִתָּ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃
12:18And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead; for they said, “Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke unto him, and he would not listen to our voice; how will he then harm himself, if we tell him that the child is dead?”
Vayehi bayom hashevi'i vayamot hayaled vayir'u avdei David lehagid lo ki-met hayeled ki ameru hineh vihyot hayeled ḥay dibarnu elav velo-shama bekolenu ve'eiḥ nomar elav met hayeled ve'asah ra'ah.
יחוַיְהִ֛י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וַיָּ֣מָת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיִּֽרְאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד לְהַגִּ֥יד ל֣וֹ ׀ כִּי־מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֗לֶד כִּ֚י אָֽמְרוּ֙ הִנֵּה֩ בִהְי֨וֹת הַיֶּ֜לֶד חַ֗י דִּבַּ֚רְנוּ אֵלָיו֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע בְּקוֹלֵ֔נוּ וְאֵ֨יךְ נֹאמַ֥ר אֵלָ֛יו מֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וְעָשָֹ֥ה רָעָֽה׃
12:19But when David saw that his servants whispered, David perceived that the child was dead; therefore David said unto his servants, “Is the child dead?” And they said, “He is dead.”
Vayar David ki avadav mitlaḥashim vayaven David ki met hayaled vayomer David el-avadav hamet hayeled vayomeru met.
יטוַיַּ֣רְא דָּוִ֗ד כִּ֚י עֲבָדָיו֙ מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים וַיָּ֥בֶן דָּוִ֖ד כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֧ד אֶל־עֲבָדָ֛יו הֲמֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ מֵֽת׃
12:20Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of Hashem, and worshipped; then he came to his own house; and when he asked, they set bread before him, and he ate.
Vayakom David meha'aretz vayirḥatz vayaseḥ vayeḥalef simlotav vayavo veit-Adonai vayishtaḥu vayavo el-beito vayish'al vayasimu lo leḥem vayoḥal.
כוַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד מֵהָאָ֜רֶץ וַיִּרְחַ֣ץ וַיָּ֗סֶךְ וַיְחַלֵּף֙ שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו (כתיב שִׂמְלֹתָ֔ו) וַיָּבֹ֥א בֵית־יְהֹוָ֖ה וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁאַ֕ל וַיָּשִֹ֥ימוּ ל֛וֹ לֶ֖חֶם וַיֹּאכַֽל׃
12:21Then said his servants unto him, “What thing is this that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child, while it was alive; but when the child was dead, you rose and ate bread.”
Vayomeru avadav elav mah-hadavar hazeh asher asitah ba'avur hayeled ḥay tzamta vatevk veḥa'asher met hayeled kamta vatoḥal laḥem.
כאוַיֹּאמְר֚וּ עֲבָדָיו֙ אֵלָ֔יו מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִֹ֑יתָה בַּעֲב֞וּר הַיֶּ֚לֶד חַי֙ צַ֣מְתָּ וַתֵּ֔בְךְּ וְכַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֔לֶד קַ֖מְתָּ וַתֹּ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃
12:22And he said, “While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, ‘Who can tell whether Hashem will be gracious to me, that the child may live?’
Vayomer be'od hayeled ḥay tzamti va'evkeh ki amarti mi yodea veḥanani Adonai veḥay hayaled.
כבוַיֹּ֕אמֶר בְּעוֹד֙ הַיֶּ֣לֶד חַ֔י צַ֖מְתִּי וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֑ה כִּ֚י אָמַ֙רְתִּי֙ מִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ וְחַנַּ֥נִי (כתיב יְחַנַּ֥נִי) יְהֹוָ֖ה וְחַ֥י הַיָּֽלֶד׃
12:23But now he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.”
Ve'atah met lamah zeh ani tzam ha'uḥal lahashivo od ani holeḥ elav vehu lo-yashuv elay.
כגוְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ מֵ֗ת לָ֚מָּה זֶּה֙ אֲנִ֣י צָ֔ם הַאוּכַ֥ל לַהֲשִׁיב֖וֹ ע֑וֹד אֲנִי֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ אֵלָ֔יו וְה֖וּא לֹֽא־יָשׁ֥וּב אֵלָֽי׃
12:24And David comforted Bat-Sheva (Bath-sheba) his wife, and went in unto her, and lay with her; and she bore a son, and he called his name Shlomo (Solomon); and Hashem loved him.
Vayenaḥem David et Bat-Sheva ishto vayavo eleha vayishkav imah vateled ben vatikra et-shemo Shlomoh va-Adonai ahevo.
כדוַיְנַחֵ֣ם דָּוִ֗ד אֵ֚ת בַּת־שֶׁ֣בַע אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֗ן וַתִּקְרָ֚א (כתיב וַיִּקְרָ֚א) אֶת־שְׁמוֹ֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיהֹוָ֖ה אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃
12:25And he sent by the hand of Natan the prophet; and he called his name Yedidyah (Jedidiah), because of Hashem.
Vayishlaḥ beyad Natan hanavi vayikra et-shemo Yedidyah ba'avur Adonai.
כהוַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח בְּיַד֙ נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יְדִ֣ידְיָ֑ה בַּעֲב֖וּר יְהֹוָֽה׃
12:26And Yo’av (Joab) fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
Vayilaḥem Yo'av beRabat benei Amon vayilkod et-ir hameluḥah.
כווַיִּלָּ֣חֶם יוֹאָ֔ב בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת־עִ֥יר הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃
12:27And Yo’av sent messengers to David, and said, “I have fought against Rabbah, and have taken the city of waters.
Vayishlaḥ Yo'av mal'aḥim el-David vayomer nilḥamti veRabah gam-laḥadti et-ir hamayim.
כזוַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יוֹאָ֛ב מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ נִלְחַ֣מְתִּי בְרַבָּ֔ה גַּם־לָכַ֖דְתִּי אֶת־עִ֥יר הַמָּֽיִם׃
12:28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called after my name.”
Ve'atah esof et-yeter ha'am vaḥaneh al-ha'ir velaḥedah pen-elkod ani et-ha'ir venikra shemi aleha.
כחוְעַתָּ֗ה אֱסֹף֙ אֶת־יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם וַחֲנֵ֥ה עַל־הָעִ֖יר וְלָכְדָ֑הּ פֶּן־אֶלְכֹּ֚ד אֲנִי֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְנִקְרָ֥א שְׁמִ֖י עָלֶֽיהָ׃
12:29And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.
Vaye'esof David et-kol-ha'am vayeleḥ Rabatah vayilaḥem bah vayilkedah.
כטוַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף דָּוִ֛ד אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ רַבָּ֑תָה וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם בָּ֖הּ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ׃
12:30And he took their king’s crown from off his head, the weight of which was a talent of gold with the precious stones; and it was set on David’s head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance.
Vayikaḥ et-ateret-malkam me'al rosho umishkalah kikar zahav ve'even yekarah vatehi al-rosh David ushelal ha'ir hotzi harbeh me'od.
לוַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־עֲטֶֽרֶת־מַלְכָּם֩ מֵעַ֨ל רֹאשׁ֜וֹ וּמִשְׁקָלָ֨הּ כִּכַּ֚ר זָהָב֙ וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֔ה וַתְּהִ֖י עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ דָּוִ֑ד וּשְׁלַ֥ל הָעִ֛יר הוֹצִ֖יא הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃
12:31And he brought forth the people who were in it, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brick kiln; and thus he did unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Yerushalayim (Jerusalem).
Ve'et-ha'am asher-bah hotzi vayasem bamegerah uvaḥaritzei habarzel uvemagzerot habarzel vehe'evir otam bamalben veḥen ya'aseh leḥol arei venei-Amon vayashov David veḥol-ha'am Yerushalayim.
לאוְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֣שֶׂם בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהֶעֱבִ֚יר אוֹתָם֙ בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן (כתיב בַּמַּלְכֵּ֔ן) וְכֵ֣ן יַעֲשֶֹ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛ד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלָֽםִ׃
Sources & method
- Hebrew text
- The Masoretic text with vowels (nikkud) and cantillation marks (ta’amim), as published on Chabad.org. Every verse was checked character by character against Chabad’s Tenakh. Where the written text (ketiv) differs from the reading (qere), the reading is shown and the written form follows in small type.
- English translation
- The King James Version (public domain), lightly modernized by Benei Avraham: “thee/thou/ye” become “you,” older verb forms are updated (“hath” to “has”), and archaic words are replaced only where the meaning would otherwise be unclear. People and places carry their Hebrew names, with the familiar English name in parentheses the first time on each page (e.g., Shaul (Saul)). The Divine Name (יהוה, “the LORD” in the KJV) is written “Hashem”; “God” (Elohim) is unchanged. Verse numbers follow the Hebrew Bible.
- Transliteration
- Produced from the Hebrew with the open-source hebrew-transliteration library, adapted to Sephardic/Israeli pronunciation and reviewed by hand: ḥ for Chet and Chaf, tz for Tzadi, k for Kuf, and the Divine Name read “Adonai.” Names are capitalized.
- Commentary
- Written for our Wednesday Tenakh study from a Messianic Jewish perspective, in line with the Benei Avraham Statement of Faith. It reads the passage first in its Torah setting, then with the Sages, and then with the witness of the Brit Hadashah. Its sources include the Talmud and Midrash, Rashi, Radak, Metzudat David, Rambam, the First Fruits of Zion End of Days lessons, and teachings of Rabbi Efraim Palvanov and Ariel Cohen Alloro. Numerical readings (gematria) are offered as hints, not proofs. It is shown by default; tap Commentary to hide it.
- Hebrew font
- SBL Hebrew, by the Society of Biblical Literature.